![]() ![]() Reducing or taking something away to ENCOURAGE a behavior (A prisoner's sentence is reduced by a year fro good behavior, A restaurant with an expensive dinner menu lowers its prices during happy hour to bring in more customers during the late afternoon) Be prepared to correctly identify the most accurate example of shaping. Party Conversations) Be prepared to correctly identify the most accurate example of negative reinforcement. ![]() Because the subject is able to distinguish between these stimuli, they will only respond when the conditioned stimulus is presented. For example, if a bell tone were the conditioned stimulus, discrimination would involve being able to tell the difference between the bell tone and other similar sounds. What term did Ernest Hillgard use to describe a split between levels of consciousness? dissociation Be prepared to correctly identify the most accurate example of discrimination (terminology with conditioning). What do we call the sleep disorder that causes you to stop breathing and awaken in order to take a breath? Obstructive sleep apnea Increasing amounts of paradoxical sleep following a period of sleep deprivation is known as what? REM rebound What are the three major categories of drugs? depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. K Complex, 2 Which drug acts as both a stimulant and a hallucinogen, and can also cause dangerous dehydration? ecstasy What is the pineal gland's role in sleep? secretes melatonin, which is a hormone that helps regulate circadian rhythms. size constancy The _ waves, which occur during the _ state of sleep, have two proposed functions: 1) suppressing cortical arousal in response to stimuli, that our sleeping brain evaluates, to signal as no danger (carried into N3) and, 2) they assist sleep-based memory consolidation (to be carried primarily into REM). Despite this, you do not perceive him to be shrinking. What is the purpose of the iris? regulate the amount of light entering the eye What might result from a disruption of your vestibular sense? Dizziness and a loss of balance Our tendency to see faces in clouds and other ambiguous stimuli (due to a mental predisposition that influences our interpretation of a stimulus) is partly based on what perception principle? perceptual set As you watch a friend walk away from you, your retinal image of your friend gets smaller. the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time. The PET technique allows researchers to study the normal processes in the brain (central nervous system) of normal individuals and patients with neurologic illnesses without physical / structural damage to the brain Which principle states that to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a minimum percentage rather than a constant amount? Weber's Law Be prepared to correctly identify the most accurate example of a difference threshold. An abnormality in the brain tissue of the left hemisphere What does a PET scan best allow researchers to examine? technique used to investigate activity in areas of the brain. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a doctor would likely find a/an_. This area of the brain controls arousal and awareness What carries the information necessary to activate withdrawal of the hand from a hot object? motor neurons If one were admitted to a hospital after experiencing a mild tingling on the right side of the face and a sudden inability to speak. Comas are caused by damage to the brain, specifically the diffused bilateral cerebral hemisphere cortex or the reticular activating system. true What is the ability to process information without conscious awareness? dual processing Significant damage to this part of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which the person will be unable to awaken. Be prepared to correctly identify the most accurate example of the function of the left hemisphere? When the person speaks or calculates, activity increases in the left hemisphere Opiate drugs, such as morphine, are classified as what? agonists, because they mimic other neurotransmitter receptors of pain The hypothalamus is a/an center for the brain. ![]()
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